阅读理解专项指导
小专题15：阅读理解之词义猜测题
工作室成员 发展中心 梅原
词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。通过对近几年高考题的阅读理解题的分析统计可看出，词义猜测题在阅读理解部分约有1-2题，虽然题量不大，但是这种通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是考生必须具备的，也是阅读测试中经常考查的一种能力。
常见的考点有：
1、直接猜测某个词的含义；
2、判断文中的某个代词指代的对象；
3、对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义；
4、对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。
主要设题形式：
The underlined word in the second paragraph means _________.
The word “it” in the last sentence refers to____________.
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?
The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to _____________.
The word “satiated” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_____________”.
The underlined word “cultivated” (Paragraph 1) roughly means __________.
The underlined word “peseta” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of ___________.
What does the phrase “a much bigger name” in Paragraph l most nearly mean?
【实例透析】
1
If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.
46. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle.
【解析】C。根据文章中的“you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动).”可知it指代the sail。
2
The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.
54. The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ____________.
A. relatively high B. extremely low
C. relatively low D. extremely high
54【解析】C。 词义猜测题。modest原意是：谦虚的，温和的，由此可以推断出本文中其意思是：相对较低的，选C。
3
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.
74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Understanding. B. Increase C. Difference D. Study
74.【解析】B。根据短文，人们对于质量的需要呈上升的趋势，由此可推测划线词的词义与B选项的词义相符。因此，正确答案为B选项。
【猜词技巧】
1、根据转化、合成、派生等构词法进行判断。掌握了一定的构词法，就不难猜测出词义。
2、根据上下文解释做出判断。有时文章中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着就出现了它的定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
3、根据上下文的指代关系进行选择。文章中的代词it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，需要考生认真查找；有时考生需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能弄清楚代词所指代的内容。
4、根据同义词和反义词猜测词义。利用这种方法猜测词义，重点要抓住文中表示递进、转折或对比意义的词语，如表示转折或对比的otherwise, however, while, instead of, rather than, although, but, on the contrary, 表示并列或递进的and, as well as, not only… but also, 表示选择的or等来推测词义。
5、根据因果关系进行判断。俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因。”根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
6、根据同位关系或定语从句进行判断。阅读中有时会出现新词、难词，其后会跟着一个同位语或定语从句，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词or连接。
7、通过例子来猜测词义。通过文中所举例子进行归纳，从而得出该集合名词的词义。常用来引出所列举的提示词语有such as, for example/for instance, like等。
8、通过标点符号，如起解释说明作用的破折号等，或通过信号词，如that is, that is to say, stand for, in other words等猜测词义。
9、根据上下文的语境意义猜测词义。
【能力过关】
1
Every year Chris Brogan posts his three words for a new year. I and many others have followed his lead for the past three or four years. They helped me a lot. My words for last year were “passion”, “focus” and “delegate” and I stayed true to them. This year, 2012, my goals are more personal and less professional.
FOCUS
Focus is making a repeat appearance on my list this year because I’m too much of a multitasker. The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me. When I was working as a writer, all my projects were handled via a schedule, which kept me organized. This year I’m going to have each task scheduled. I’m putting a fitness and housekeeping routine into my schedule.
HEALTH
I get so busy, taking care of everyone else, and I forget to take care of myself and this has to change. My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check, not only for me, but because I promised my 9-year-old son. I’ll make sure to take time to exercise every day and make good food and lifestyle choices. I miss being thin, and it’s time to get it back.
CELEBRATE
What good is having it if I’m not taking time to enjoy it? I have a wonderful job, a happy family, and so much to be thankful for. So how come I spend all my time working?
Last summer my family took our first vacation in four years, the best thing I’ve done for myself and my family in a long time. This year, I’m making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings.
Do you have any words for 2012?
1. The underlined word “multitasker” probably refers to a person who__________.
A. makes a living by writing
B. always fails to finish a task on time
C. has several things to do at the same time
D. pays more attention to fitness and housekeeping
2. Why does the writer have “HEALTH” as one of his three words?
A. He wants to take better care of others. B. He’s gaining weight and feeling bad.
C. He did not take any exercise in the past. D. He got the idea from his son.
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The word “CELEBRATE” can remind the writer to enjoy life.
B. The writer has a vacation with his family every four years.
C. The word “FOCUS” can help the writer focus on his family.
D. The writer used to be overweight for lack of exercise.
4. The best title for the passage might be_________.
A. Three Words for 2012 B. Health Should Go First
C. Keep Organized D. Goals for 2012
2
A jobless man applied for the position of “office boy” at Microsoft. The HR manager interviewed him and then watched him cleaning the floor as a test.
“You are employed,” he said. “Give me your e-mail address and I’ll send you the application to fill in, as well as date when you may start.”
The man replied, “But I don’t have a computer, neither an e-mail.”
“I’m sorry,” said the HR manager. “If you don’t have an e-mail, that means you do not exist. And who doesn’t exist cannot have the job.”
The man left with no hope at all. He didn’t know what to do, with only ten dollars in his pocket. He then decided to go to the supermarket and buy 10 kg tomatoes. He then sold the tomatoes from door to door. In less than two hours, he succeeded to double his capital. He repeated the operation three times, and returned home happily with 60 dollars.
The man realized that he can survive in this way, and started to go every day earlier, and return late. Thus, his money doubled or tripled every day. Shortly, he bought a cart, then a truck, and then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles. Five years later, the man is one of the biggest food retailers in the US.
He started to plan his family’s future and decided to have a life insurance. He called an insurance broker and chose a protection plan.
When the conversation was concluded the broker asked him his e-mail. The man replied, “I don’t have an e-mail.”
The broker answered curiously, “You don’t have an e-mail, and yet have succeeded to build an empire. Can you imagine what you could have been if you had an e-mail?”
The man thought for a while and replied: “Yes, I’d be an office boy at Microsoft!”
1. Why can’t the man have the job at Microsoft?
A. Because he was lazy. B. Because he didn’t pass the test.
C. Because he didn’t have an e-mail. D. Because he didn’t have the application.
2. The underlined word “tripled” can be replaced by ___________.
A. became large B. became 3 times C. increased quickly D. decreased quickly
3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. The man is one of the biggest food retailers in the world.
B. The man didn’t give up though he failed the interview.
C. He started his career by selling tomatoes in the Supermarket.
D. Those who have e-mails can work at Microsoft.
4. The man can be described as ____________.
A. helpful and considerate B. positive and generous
C. smart and hardworking D. stubborn and unselfish
5. Which proverb can best describe the story?
A. Misfortune may be an actual blessing. B. Where there is a will, there is a way.
C. Accidents will happen. D. No pains, no gains.
3
Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be dirtier than their gasoline-powered cousins.
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(排放) vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators(发电机). Generators are fueled by something—usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal(地热) plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.
In other words, those “zero-emissions” cars are likely coal-burning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true. It’s as if the California Greens are covering their eyes—“If I can’t see it, it’s not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly-efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas (or another fuel) and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat—at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.
A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we don’t use much of those energy sources.
In addition, electric cars’ batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When it’s a power plant, though, all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot.
1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Electric cars aren’t actually clean. B. Electric cars are zero-emissions vehicles.
C. Zero-emissions vehicles are popular. D. Gasoline-powered cars are more efficient.
2. Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2?
A. be familiar with B. be curious about
C. fail to understand D. show their interest in
3. The electricity we get from a gallon of gas may make our car run ____________.
A. at least 25 miles B. more than 25 miles C. as far as 25 miles D. less than 25 miles
4. In the author’s opinion, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more_________.
A. environmentally friendly B. expensive
C. efficient D. harmful
5. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A. electric cars’ batteries are poisonous for a long time
B. now electric cars are used more than their gasoline powered cousins
C. zero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environment
D. electric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning something
4
My father was poor in expressing his feelings. I knew that my dad loved me, but showed me love in other ways. There was one particular time in my life when this became real to me.
I always believed that my parents had a good marriage, but gradually the strain(紧张) on my mom and dad’s relationships was quite evident. However, I was not prepared for the day when dad had decided to leave. All that I could think of was that I was going to become a product of a divorced family. I kept telling myself that it wasn’t going to happen. The night before he left, I stayed up in my room for a long time. I prayed and I cried and I wrote a long letter to my dad. I told him how much I loved him and that I would always and forever be his Krissie. As I folded my note, I stuck in a picture of me with a saying I had always heard: “Anyone can be a father, but it takes someone special to be a daddy.” Early the next morning, as my dad left our house, I slipped my letter into one of his bags.
Two weeks later, my mother told me that they decided that there were things that both of them could and would change and that their marriage was worth saving. “Well, dad said that when he read your letter, it made him cry. It meant a lot to him and I have hardly ever seen your dad cry. After he read your letter, he called to ask if he could come over to talk. Whatever you said really made a difference to your dad.”
A few days later my dad was back. We never talked about the letter. I guessed that it became a secret between us.
1. Why did the author’s father decide to leave?
A. Because he was poor in showing his feelings.
B. Because his wife was always giving orders.
C. Because serious problems occurred in their marriage.
D. Because the strain on father-daughter relationships was evident.
2. How did the author feel when her father decided to leave?
A. Excited. B. Annoyed. C. Doubtful. D. Upset.
3. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means ___________.
A. a man may have to give up a lot to be a real father
B. a man may have to give in to his wife to be a daddy
C. a man who raises special children can become a real father
D. a man who develops some special talents can be a real father
4. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. How the author’s parents enjoyed a happy marriage.
B. How a letter saved the author’s parents’ marriage.
C. The divorce had a great influence on the author.
D. The author had a good relationship with her parents.
5
Lill was a young French Canadian girl who grew up in the farming community. At the age of 16, her father thought that she had enough schooling and forced her to drop out of school to contribute to the family income. In 1922, with limited education and skills, the future didn’t look bright for Lill. Her father demanded that Lill find a job as soon as possible, but she didn’t have the confidence to ask for a job.
One day, Lill gathered her courage and knocked on her very first door. She was met by Margaret Costello, the office manager. In her broken English, Lill told her she was interested in the secretarial position. Margaret decided to give her a chance.
Margaret sat her down at a typewriter and said, “Lill, let’s see how good you really are.” She directed Lill to type a single letter, and then left. Lill looked at the clock and saw that it was 11: 40 a.m. Everyone would be leaving for lunch at noon. She thought she should at least attempt the letter.
On her first try, she got through one line but made four mistakes. She pulled the paper out and threw it away. The clock now read 11: 45. “At noon,” she said to herself, “I’ll move out with the crowd, and they will never see me again.”
On her second attempt, things didn’t get any better. Again she started over and finally completed the letter, full of mistakes, though. She looked at the clock 11:55—five minutes to freedom.
Just then, Margaret walked in. She came directly over to Lill, and put one hand on the desk and the other on the girl’s shoulder. She read the letter and paused. Then she said, “Lill, you’re doing good work!”
Lill was surprised. She looked at the letter, then up at Margaret. With those simple words of encouragement, her desire to escape disappeared and her confidence began to grow. She thought, "Well, if she thinks it’s good, then it must be good. I think I’ll stay!”
Lill did stay at the Carhartt Overall Company for 51 years, through two world wars and 11 presidents—all because someone had the insight to give a shy and uncertain young girl the gift of self-confidence when she knocked on the door.
1. Why did Lill leave school at an early age?
A. To learn English well. B. To earn money for her family.
C. To get self-confidence. D. To become a typist.
2. When Lill applied for the job, she__________.
A. could speak good English B. didn’t know much about typing
C. knew Margaret very well D. never wrote any letter
3. How many attempts did Lill make to type the letter?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.
4. Who does the underlined word “someone” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Lill’s father. B. Lill herself. C. A president. D. Margaret.
5. What can we learn from Lill’s story?
A. Encouragement makes a difference. B. Honesty is the best policy.
C. Virtue leads to success. D. Time waits for no man.
【答案解析】
1
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，在文章中，作者主要向读者介绍了他在2012年最关注的三个词，即FOCUS，HEALTH和CELEBRATE。
1．C 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的The problem is that I have trouble finishing one thing with so many things calling me.．”可知，作者很多时候要同时处理许多事情，由此可推断“multi-tasker"表示“同时做很多事情的人”，故选C项。
2．B 逻辑推理题。根据第三段中的“and I forget to take care of myself and this has to change. My health suffers and my weight suffers. I have to get my health in check, not only for me--but because I promised my 9-year-old son. I' 11 make sure to take time to exercise every day and make good food and lifestyle choices.”可知，作者是由于自己增肥和感到身体不适才关注身体健康的，故选B项。
3．A逻辑推理题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“I' m making sure to take time to enjoy life and celebrate its many blessings.”可推知。“CELEBRATE”一词提醒作者要懂得享受生活，故选A项。
4．A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了作者在2012年所关注的三个重要的词，故A项最适合作为全文的标题，所以答案选A项。
2
语篇解读：本文是记叙文，讲述了这样一个故事：二个到微软找工作的人因为没有电子邮箱而被拒之门外，他只能用身上仅有的10美元去挨家挨户地贩卖西红柿。但是他却因此找到了一条发财之路，钱也越赚越多，并最终成为了美国最大的食品零售商之一。
1. C。考查细节理解。根据第四段中微软公司人力资源部经理所说的“If you don’t have an e-mail，that means you do not exist．And who doesn’t exist cannot have the job．”可知，由于他没有电子邮箱，经理拒绝雇用他。
2．B考查词义猜测一结合画线词前面的"doubled”可知，这里表示他的钱每天两倍、三倍地增长，越来越多，故答案为B项。“triple”的意思是“成为三倍，增至三倍”。
3．B考查正误判断。根据文章第五、六段的内容可知，这名男子虽然没有被微软公司聘用，但是他没有气馁，而是靠仅有的10美元和勤劳努力最终成就了一番事业，故答案为B项。
4．C考查推理判断。根据文中关于这名男子成功经历的描述可知，他既精明又勤奋，故选C项。
5．A考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，这名男子正是因为当年被微软拒绝才自己创业并最终取得成功的，故选A项，意思是“因祸得福／塞翁失马，焉知非福” 。B项意为“有志者事竞成”；C项意为“天有不测风云”；D项意为“不劳而获”。
3
语篇解读： 很多人都认为电动汽车是非常环保的，加州人甚至普遍认为电动汽车是“零排放汽车”。事实确实如此吗?让我们读一读文章，从中寻找答案吧。
1．A考查主旨大意。文章的首段就点明了主题，即电动汽车并非清洁、无污染，因为电能的产生很多时候也要消耗大量的能源，造成十分严重的污染，故答案为A项。
2．C．考查词义猜测。联系第一段内容可知，加州人之所以认为电动汽车是零排放的环保车，主要是因为他们没有理解或者忽视了电是从哪儿来的这个事实。故选“fail to understand'’，表示“没有理解”。
3．D考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles．But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas won’t get you nearly as far”可知答案为D项。
4．D考查综合理解。综合全文尤其是第三段第五句和最后一段前两句可知，作者认为电动汽车比普通汽车造成的污染更为严重，对环境的破坏也更大。所以答案为harmful有害的。
5．D考查推理判断。根据第二段的最后一句和第四段的第三句可知，获取电能如果是靠太阳能、地热或者风力等方式发电的话，电动汽车算是环保的，但是它们实际上现在主要还是靠烧煤、油等来发电，所以靠烧煤、油等发电的电动汽车并非真正意义上的环保车。
4
语篇解读：父母关系紧张，在父亲决定离开的那天早上，作者悄悄地把写好的一封信放进了父亲的包里，然而就是这封信挽救了父母的婚姻。
1．C细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，父亲决定离开的原因是夫妻关系紧张；婚姻出现了严重的问题。
2．D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The night before he left，I staved up in my room for a long time．I prayed and I cried．．．”可知，当作者的父亲决定离开的时候，作者很苦恼。
3．A句意理解题。根据上下文可知．画线部分表示“任何人都可以成为父亲。但不是人人都能成为好爸爸”。也就是说，一个父亲要付出很多才能成为一个好爸爸，故选A项。
4．B主旨大意题。通读全文可知。本文主要讲述了作者写给父亲的一封信最终挽救了父母的婚姻，因此B项最能概括文章大意。
5
语篇解读：Lill 16岁被迫辍学．去找工作时她很不自信，而面试时一位经理的鼓励使她重拾信心并决定留下来．而这一留就是51年。
1．B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“forced her to drop out of school to contribute to the family income”可知． Lill辍学是为了给家里赚钱。
2．B推理判断题。根据第四、五段的内容可知，Lill打字总是出错，由此可推知，她对打字不是很了解，故选B。
3．C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“On her first try”以及第五段中的“On her second attempt”和“Again she started over'’可知，Lill尝试了三次才打完了这封信，故选C。
4．D代词指代题。通读全文可知，是Margaret在Lill求职时给了她机会和鼓励，所以此处的"someone”应指Margaret。
5．A推理判断题。通读全文可知．从Lill的故事中我们可以了解到鼓励会对一个人产生很大的影响，故选A。
小专题16：阅读理解之推理判断题
阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即理解作者所要传达的信息。在实际的阅读活动中，有时需要根据文章提供的事实和线索，进行逻辑推理，推测作者未提到的事实或某事发生的可能性等。推理判断题是继主旨大意题之后的又一类难题，在做阅读理解题时，推理判断涉及的范围很广，主要包括细节推断、预测推断、对文章来源或读者对象的推断、写作意图推断以及态度倾向推断和评述性推断等。
一、细节推断
细节推断要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能做出准确的推断。题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(做出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
主要设题形式：
It can be inferred from the passage／text that____________.
The author strongly suggests that______________.
It can be concluded from the passage that______________.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably be_______________.
The writer implies but not directly states that_______________.
The writer／author indicates／suggests／implies that______________.
Which of the following statements does the passage support?
The writer talked about…because he thought_________________.
What does the author imply about newspapers?
【实例透析】
Barditch High School decided to have an All-School Reunion. Over 450 people came to the event. There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park. Several former teachers were on hand to tell stories about the old days. Ms. Mabel Yates, the English teacher for over fifty years, was wheeled to the Park.
Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans(嘟囔声) when Ms. Yates was about to speak. Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.
Then Ms. Yates started to speak:
I can’t tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven’t seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven’t appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.”
Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued:
“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.”
“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know. I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”
There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.
1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates’ speech.
B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates’ ways of teaching.
C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.
D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.
2. What was Ms. Yates’ belief in teaching teenagers?
A. Teachers’ knowledge is the key to students’ achievements.
B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.
C. Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.
D. Students’ respect is the best reward for teachers.
3. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?
A. Reliable and devoted. B. Tough and generous.
C. Proud but patient. D. Strict but caring.
【解析】
1．B。推理判断题。第二段语境表示：Ms．Yates要讲话时，许多人发出嘟囔声并借敌赢开．因为她很少表扬学生．而且让学生付出的劳动是其他所有老师要求的总和。由此可以推出许多学生不喜欢她的教学方式，并不是同学们太忙．聚会活动使他们感到厌烦，或是对聚会不感兴趣。故选B。
2．C。推理判断题。根据第六段对她的教学观点的描述可以推断，她的教学观点就是 “Hard-pushed students are more likely to succeed.”
3．D。推理判断题。根据第六段的描述可知Ms Yates对学生要求很严格，她的教学理念足以说明她是一位严师。再根据第四段中的“but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies…in my imagination”以及第七段的内容可以体现出她对学生的关心。故选D。
【解题技巧】
1、根据文章中的关键信息进行推断。考生不但要理解文章的字面含义，还要运用逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识，推断出文章更深层的含义。
2、通过练习阅读某段或某几段内容，推断出一个结论，培养考生的推理判断能力。
3、要根据文章内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。
二、预测推断
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。在推断下文续写内容时，往往需要仔细研读最后一段，建立起内在的逻辑关联。
主要设题形式：
What do you think will happen when/if...？
At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write __________.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?
Which of the following is the most likely reply the doctor gave the woman patient at the end of the story?
【实例透析】
About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚) to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our “act” would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.
We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene, setting up trees at the edge of a winding path. Very soon, bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby. Since it was hot in the studio, it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path. A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in “snow”. Two more fans were turned on, and a “strong wind” blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.
The next scene was a complete contrast(对比). The way it was filmed was quite unusual. Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen. An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water’s edge on an island. By a simple trick like this, palm trees, sandy beaches, and blue, clear skies had been brought into the studio!
Since it was our turn next, we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us. For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film “stars”!
1. What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. A new scene would be filmed. B. More stars would act in the film.
C. The author would leave the studio. D. The next scene would be prepared.
【解析】 A。考查推理判断题。根据题干“What would happen…in the last paragraph”的提问可知此题是要求猜测接下来可能发生的事情。根据文章第二段提到的拍摄寒冬的场景，第三段提到的拍摄沙滩的场景，以及最后一段中的”we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us”可知，作者等人不知道接下来为他们准备的是什么场景，但是在他们的一生中将会有足足三分钟的时间体验作为电影明星的激动心情。因此，可以推断此处是指要拍摄新的场景。故选A。
三、对文章来源或读者对象的推断
推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身已经具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。
主要设题形式：
This passage would most likely be found in_________.
In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?
The passage is probably taken out of________.
Where does this text probably come from?
Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
【实例透析】
1
The Basics of Math—Made Clear
Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.
……
The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.
If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.
1. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?
A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement
【解析】 D。文章来源推断题。根据文章的标题和语气，以及文章最后一段”要是我们的课程不能让你完全满意，你可以换成我们所提供的其他课程，或者是直接退款”可以看出这篇文章来源于一则广告。故选D。
2
At exactly eleven Sir Percival knocked and entered, with anxiety and worry in every line of his face. This meeting would decide his future life, and he obviously knew it.
“You may wonder, Sir Percival,” said Laura calmly, “if I am going to ask to be released (免除) from my promise to many you. I am not going to ask this. I respect my father’s wishes too much.”
His face relaxed a little, but one of his feet kept beating the carpet.
….
“I think I have said enough to give you reason to withdraw from our marriage,” she added quietly.
“No. You have said enough to make it the dearest wish of my life to marry you,” he said.
1. The passage is probably taken out of .
A. a novel B. a report C. a diary D. an essay
【解析】 A。文章来源推断题。文章对主人公的动作、心理描写细致入微，如 “worry in every line of his face”, said Laura calmly, “His face relaxed a little”，she added quietly.等。这些是小说中典型的描写性语言，通过对话和肢体语言等刻画人物的心理活动。故文章应该是小说的片段，不是报告、日记或论文。
四、写作意图推断
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
主要设题形式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
The purpose of the text is to get more people to___________.
【实例透析】
1
Finally,
a cell phone
That’s… a phone
With rates as low as $3.75 per week ！
……
Call now and receive a FREE gift when you
order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you don’t love it, just
return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If
you aren’t as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back.
Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.
Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. jitterbugdirect. com.
1. The main purpose of the passage is to .
A. tell a customer’s story of Jitterbug B. provide two ways to order Jitterbug
C. give a brief introduction of Jitterbug D. attract potential customers to Jitterbug
【解析】D。意图推断题。根据文章最后一部分对于Jitterbug手机的介绍和订购方式以及联系方法都可推知本文主要是通过自己的买手机经历来吸引更多的顾客来购买Jitterbug手机，D项正确。
2
On a hill 600 feet above the surrounding land, we watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky. The views invite a long look from a comfortable chair in front of the wooden house.
Every window in our wooden house has a view, and the forest and lakes seldom look the same as the hour before. Each look reminds us where we are.
There is space for our three boys to play outside, to shoot arrows, collect tree seeds, build earth houses and climb trees.
Our kids have learned the names of the trees, and with the names have come familiarity and appreciation. As they tell all who show even a passing interest, maple makes the best fighting sticks and white pines are the best climbing trees.
The air is clean and fresh. The water from the well has a pleasant taste, and it is perhaps the healthiest water our kids will ever drink. Though they have one glass a day of juice and the rest is water, they never say anything against that.
The seasons change just outside the door. We watch the maples turn every shade of yellow and red in the fall and note the poplars’(杨树) putting out the first green leaves of spring. The rainbow smelt fills the local steam as the ice gradually disappears, and the wood frogs start to sing in pools after being frozen for the winter. A family of birds rules our skies and flies over the lake.
1. By mentioning the names of the trees, the author aims to show that __________.
A. the kids like playing in trees B. the kids are very familiar with trees
C. the kids have learned much knowledge D. the kids find trees useful learning tools
2. What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
A. To describe the beauty of the scene around the house.
B. To introduce her children’s happy life in the forest.
C. To show that living in the forest is healthful.
D. To share the joy of living in the nature.
【解析】
1．C。写作意图推断题。根据第四段可知，作者提到这些树就是为了表明孩子们学到了很多的知识，他们知道枫树和白松树的用途。A项”孩子们喜欢在树林里玩”，B项”孩子们对树非常熟悉”，D项”孩子们发现树是有用的学习工具”，都不是作者提到树的名字的目的。
2．D。写作意图推断题。作者通过对所居住地的美景的描述，给读者展现出一幅如临仙境的美景图，并且孩子们在自然中也获得了丰硕的收获，由此可以看出作者是想与读者分享生活在大自然中的乐趣。A、B、c项都不能涵盖作者的写作意图。范围过小。
五、态度倾向推断和评述性推断
态度倾向推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。评述性推断题要求考生对文章所交代的人或事进行评价，此时要注意作者对相关人或事的细节描写。
主要设题形式：
The attitude of the author towards something is __________.
The writer of the passage seems to think that
What is the author's opinion on cramming?
What's the writer's attitude towards ......?
What do we know about sb. in the passage?
What does the author think about the present generation?
【实例透析】
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身), nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey(传递) certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.
Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees(雇员), because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
1. The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as .
A. enthusiastic B. negative C. positive D. sympathetic
【答案与解析】B 作者意图题。根据本文后两个自然段可知作者对于员工着奇装异服的态度也是否定的，故选B。
【能力过关】
1
The American Westward Movement was a movement of people from the sealed regions to lands farther west. Between the early 17th and late 19th centuries, Anglo-American peoples and their societies expanded from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific Coast by greatly expanding the nation’s borders, and the United States became a powerful nation in the 20th century. However, this expansion also resulted in great suffering and destruction, and a painful loss of culture for Native Americans.
Some of the Native American tribes(部落) of the Gmat Plains were hunters and gatherers. Most tribes in the Southwest were hunters and farmers. In the Pacific Northwest, tribes were traders and fishermen, and relied on rivers rich with all sorts of fish. Westward expansion destroyed resources and damaged the environment, thus destroying the ability of Native Americans to support themselves. In addition, the pioneers carried diseases that killed thousands.
Some Native Americans fought against the coming of white settlers. The most famous conflicts took place on the Great Plains, where many tribes fought against the U.S. Army in several wars between 1855 and 1877. Native Americans won some big victories, including the famous defeat of George Custer on Montana’s Little Bighorn River in 1876, but were finally suppressed(镇压), and then forced to reservations(居留地). In 1877 the Nez Perce tribe fought an unsuccessful attempt to escape to Canada. Southwestern Apache peoples, with their most famous leader, Geronimo, fought against the occupation of their lands until 1886. However, it wasn’t a conflict that destroyed independent Native American culture; it was the great number of white sealers that took over Native American lands, and the ways in which these settlers transformed the West.
New laws limited Native Americans to reservations and forced them to take meager(贫困的) government handouts. Government policy tried to assimilate(同化) the tribes into white society by reducing native culture and trying to make Native Americans follow white customs. The Dawes Act of 1887 aimed to put an end to the reservations, and decrease the importance of the tribes by handing out reservation land to individual natives. Between 1887 and 1934, dozens of reservations were destroyed, and Native American lands were reduced from 150 million areas to 48 million. Luckily, however, despite the poor living conditions on many reservations even to this day, Native Americans have managed in many cases to keep much of their culture and identity.
1. By writing this passage the author intends to _________.
A. show the importance of the Westward Movement in the United States
B. introduce the history of settlement during the Westward Movement
C. show the painful loss of native ways of life during the Westward Movement
D. criticize white Americans for suppressing the natives and destroying their cultures
2. In the author’s opinion, the Native Americans suffered most from __________.
完形填空分类指导